Sri Lanka is a tropical island located in the Northern Indian Ocean, situated at the southern tip of the Indian Sub-Continent. The island covers a total land area of 65,610 Km².
North to South
435 Km
East to West
242 Km
The country is recognized as one of the world's 34 Biodiversity Hotspots. It is globally significant for conservation due to its exceptionally high level of endemic plants and animals concentrated within a small land area.
Cultural Triangle
Central North
The island's biological diversity is supported by a wide range of ecosystems, including Tropical Rainforests, Dry Zone Forests, Montane Grasslands, Wetlands, and Coral Reefs.
Receives high rainfall from both monsoons, hosting lush rainforests.
Characterized by seasonal rainfall and mixed evergreen forests.
A transition zone between the wet and dry climates.
The driest regions, found in the far North-West and South-East.
Seasonal Rainfall Patterns
South West Monsoon
From May to September
North East Monsoon
From November to February
Marine Ecosystems
Coastal Frontiers
Scrub: Poor soil zones.
Dry Patana: Lower hill grass.
Wet Patana: Highland grass.
Talawa: Savanna-type plains.
Villu Grassland: Unique succulent grass found in North-Central floodplains.
The island features 103 Natural Rivers, including 9 major rivers. Other wetlands include natural Marshes, Mangroves (21 species), and Estuaries, alongside man-made Reservoirs (Tanks) and Paddy Fields.
